Subanon language

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Subanen
Subanon, Subanun
Kalibugan, Kolibugan
Region | Western Mindanao

Native speakers

(400,000 cited 1978–2011)[1]

Language family

Austronesian

Malayo-Polynesian

Philippine

Greater Central Philippine

Subanen

Language codes

ISO 639-3

Variously:
syb – Central
stb – Northern
suc – Western
skn – Kolibugan
laa – Southern
sfe – Eastern

Glottolog | suba1253[2]

The Subanen language (also Subanon and Subanun) is an Austronesian language belonging to the Greater Central Philippine languages. It is typically considered by linguists as a dialect cluster more than a monolithic language. Subanon is spoken in various areas of Zamboanga Peninsula namely the provinces of Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Norte and Zamboanga del Sur, and in Misamis Occidental of Northern Mindanao. There is also a sizeable Subanon community in Misamis Oriental. Most go by the name of Subanen, Subanon or Subanun, while those who adhere to Islam refer to themselves as Kalibugan.

Contents

1 Internal classification

2 Phonology

2.1 Western Subanon Consonants

2.2 Western Subanon Vowels

2.2.1 Monophthongs

2.2.2 Diphthongs

3 Example

4 References

5 External links

Internal classification[edit]

Jason Lobel (2013:308) classifies the Subanen varieties as follows.

Subanen

Western

Western Subanon

Western Kolibugan

Nuclear

West Nuclear

Tawlet-Kalibugan Subanen

Salug-Godod Subanen

East Nuclear

Southern Subanen

Central Subanen

Northern Subanen

Eastern Subanen

Lobel (2013:308) lists the following innovations among each of the following subgroups.

Nuclear Subanen: *k > Ø

Western Subanen: *k > /k/

East Nuclear Subanen: *r > /l/

West Nuclear Subanen: *r > /r/

Western Subanen: *r > /l/ (independently took place, likely due to contact with Tausug, Maguindanaon, Butuanon, Cebuano, and/or Ilonggo, which have also undergone the *r > /l/ shift independently of one another)

Proto-Subanen is also notable for having completely lost Proto-Greater Central Philippine *h.

Lobel (2013) also provides a reconstruction of Proto-Subanen.

Phonology[edit]

Western Subanon has 15 native consonants. There is no phonemic contrast between velar and uvular consonants.[3]

Western Subanon Consonants[edit]

Consonant phonemes

Bilabial

Labio-
dental

Alveolar

Palatal

Velar/
Uvular

Labialized
velar

Glottal

Plosive | p | b | | | t | d | | | k~q | g~ɢ | | | ʔ |
Fricative | | | | | s | | | | | | | | h |
Nasal | | m | | | | n | | | | ŋ | | | |
Approximant | | | | | | | | j | | | | w | |
Lateral approximant | | | | | | l | | | | | | | |

Western Subanon Vowels[edit]

Western Subanon has 5 vowels.[3]

Monophthongs[edit]

Monophthongs

| Front | Central | Back
High | i | | u
Mid | e | | o
Low | | a |

Diphthongs[edit]

The diphthongs of Western Subanon are /au/, /ua/, /io/, /oi/, /ai/, and /ia/.

Example[edit]

The chorus of the Western Subanon song Momula ita 'Let’s plant' is shown.[3]

Gumani ita
We will harvest (or, Let’s harvest)
Gumani ita
We will harvest
Landu’ da’da’an ta
Great is our rejoicing
Po’ gumani ita
Because we will harvest
Gumani ita
We will harvest
Gumani ita
We will harvest
Di’ na mobon sinsaan ta
Our suffering will not last long
Gumani ita
We will harvest

References[edit]

^ Central at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Northern at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Western at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Kolibugan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Southern at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Eastern at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)

^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Subanon". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

^ a b c Estioca, Sharon Joy. "Subanon (Spring 2015)". Language Documentation Training Center. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. Retrieved 2 September 2017.

Lobel, Jason William. 2013. Philippine and North Bornean languages: issues in description, subgrouping, and reconstruction. Ph.D. dissertation. Manoa: University of Hawai'i at Manoa.

External links[edit]

Audio recordings of Subanon are archived with Kaipuleohone, including a word list, sentences, and a traditional song

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