Bantayan Island

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This article is about
the island. For the municipality, see Bantayan,
Cebu.

Bantayan

Bantigue shore (low tide)

Bantayan Island

Location within the Philippines

Geography

Location

Tañon Strait

Coordinates

11°12′N 123°44′E / 11.2°N
123.73°E / 11.2;
123.73Coordinates:
11°12′N 123°44′E / 11.2°N
123.73°E / 11.2;
123.73

Archipelago

Bantayan

Adjacent bodies of water

Visayan
Sea

Tañon
Strait

Area

133.68 km2 (51.61 sq mi)[1]

Length

16 km (9.9 mi)

Width

11 km (6.8 mi)

Highest elevation

26 m (85 ft)

Administration

Bantayan island only

Region

Central
Visayas (Region VII)

Province

Cebu

Area covered

108.77 km2 (42.00 sq mi; 7001814000000000000♠81.4%)

Islands
except Bantayan

Area covered

24.91 km2 (9.62 sq mi; 7001186000000000000♠18.6%)

Combined

Demographics

Demonym

Bantayanon

Population

120447 Bantayan island
only

+   23669 other
islands

= 144116 Combined

(2015 census)[2]

Pop. density

1,100 /km2 (2,800 /sq mi)

Additional information

Time
zone

PST
(UTC+08:00)

National Protected Area
Wilderness Area[3][4]

Bantayan Island is an island located in the Visayan Sea, Philippines. It is situated
to the west of the northern end of Cebu island, across the
Tañon Strait.
According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 120,447.[2]

The island is administratively divided into three municipalities:

Bantayan
(the largest municipality, covering the central part)

Madridejos
(covering the northern portion)

Santa
Fe (covering the eastern portion)

The island area is 108.77 square kilometres (42.00 sq mi). The
island is mostly covered with coconut palms; the elevation is mostly below 10
metres (30 ft), with only one taller hill, at 26 metres (90 ft), in
barangay Atop-atop.

Contents

1 Geography

1.1 Island
group

1.2 Demographics

1.3 Language

1.4 Climate

1.5 Geology

1.6 National protected
areas

1.7 Agriculture

1.8 Fauna

1.9 Avifauna

1.10 The sea

1.10.1 Coral

1.10.2 Starfish

1.10.3 Mangal

2 History

2.1 Early
origins

2.2 The Spanish
period

2.2.1 Early
years

2.2.2 Derivation of
name

2.2.3 Industry

2.2.4 Religion

2.3 The American
period

2.4 Independent
Philippines

3 Economy

3.1 Commerce

3.2 Transport

4 Society

4.1 Health
care

4.2 Education

4.3 Sport

4.4 Notable
dates

5 Notes

6 References

7 Sources

Geography[edit]

Island group[edit]

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

Bantayan Islands

Bantayan is the main and largest island of the Bantayan island group that
lies close to the geographical centre of the Philippine archipelago.

The island group includes numerous smaller islands (some uninhabited or
uninhabitable), mostly around the southwest corner of the island. About 20 of
these islets stretch for about 8 kilometres (5 miles) southwest from Bantayan
municipality port area, with some nearer ones being accessible on foot from the
main island at low tide. The islands are beside the busy shipping
lanes for ships and ferries coming from Mindanao
or Cebu City on
their way to Manila. The islands are all
small and green and low, virtually indistinguishable one from another.

Some of the more notable are:[a]

Botique (or Botigues, Batquis)

Botong

Byagayag Islands (Daku and Diot)

Doong

Hilantagaan (or Jicantangan,
Jilantagaan, Cabalauan)

Hilantagaan Diot (or Silion,
Pulo Diyot (little island))

Hilutungan (or Hilotongan,
Lutungan)[b]

Lipayran

Mambacayao (or Mambacayao
Daku)

Moambuc (or Maamboc, Moamboc, Kangka
Abong, Cangcabong)

Panangatan (or Pintagan)

Panitugan (or Banitugan)

Patao (or Polopolo)

Sagasay (or Sagasa, Tagasa)

Silagon

Yao Islet (or Mambacayao
Diot)

'These Bantayan islets are numerous, and are all
low and very small.' —Juan
de Medina (1630)

5 Hilantagaan Island seen from the Santa Fe–Hagnaya ferry
(S)

6 Hilantagaan Dyot, brgy Hilantagaan, Santa Fe, seen from
W.

7 Sunset over Hilutungan, seen from E.

13 Patao island (or Polopolo) off Patao,
Bantayan

NB In addition, Guintacan
Island (or Kinatarkan, Batbatan) to the northeast is part of Santa Fe
municipality although it is not part of the Bantayan islands group
archipelago.

Demographics[edit]

Population
of Bantayan Islands combined

Year

Pop.

±%
p.a.

1903

20,476

—

1918

24,271

+1.14%

1939

35,288

+1.80%

1948

50,209

+4.00%

1960

56,851

+1.04%

1970

69,926

+2.09%

1975

78,189

+2.27%

Year

Pop.

±%
p.a.

1980

82,363

+1.05%

1990

106,584

+2.61%

1995

110,486

+0.68%

2000

120,101

+1.80%

2007

129,154

+1.01%

2010

136,960

+2.16%

2015

144,116

+0.97%

Source: Philippine
Statistics Authority[2][7][8]

Language[edit]

The Bantayanon
language is mostly a mixture of different neighbouring Visayan languages:
The principally native Cebuano
(from Cebu and Eastern
Negros) and Hiligaynon
(from Western
Negros and Iloilo), Boholano (from Bohol), Masbateño (from
Masbate) and
Waray-Waray
(from Leyte and
Samar). However
it has its own words such as "kakyop" (yesterday), "sara" (today)
and "buwas" (tomorrow).

Climate[edit]

Bantayan Island
Average
temperature in Bantayan island is 28·0°C
Humidity 75–85%

Climate chart (explanation)

J

F

M

A

M

J

J

A

S

O

N

D

131

30

23

76

31

23

59

32

23

54

33

24

122

34

25

180

33

25

182

33

25

160

32

24

193

32

24

249

32

24

214

32

24

146

31

24

Average max. and min. temperatures in °C

Precipitation totals in mm

Source: Climate:
Bantayan

Imperial conversion

J

F

M

A

M

J

J

A

S

O

N

D

5.2

86

74

3

87

74

2.3

89

74

2.1

91

76

4.8

92

77

7.1

92

77

7.2

91

76

6.3

90

76

7.6

90

75

9.8

90

75

8.4

89

75

5.7

87

75

Average max. and min. temperatures in °F

Precipitation totals in
inches

The climate is typically equatorial –
temperature range over the year is less than three degrees Celsius (5.4 deg F),
and annual rainfall exceeds 1,500 millimetres (59 in). January to April
inclusive are less wet than the other months. This supports at least two rice
crops per year. The climate in Bantayan falls within Coronas
climate type IV, characterised by not very pronounced maximum rainfall with
a short dry season from one to three months and a wet season of nine to ten
months. The dry season starts in February and lasts through April sometimes
extending to mid‑May.

Bantayan has a tropical climate. Most months of the year are marked by
significant rainfall. The short dry season has little impact. This location is
classified as Am (tropical
monsoon climate) by Köppen–Geiger
climate classification system.

Geology[edit]

Like most of Cebu province,[9]
the lithology of the island consists of two unit types:

the Plio-Pleistocene
Carcar Formation
Carcar formation is typically a porous coralline limestone
characterized by small sinkholes, pitted grooves, and branching pinnacles.[10]
This suggests in situ deposition. Its dominant composition are shell, algae,
and other carbonate materials, while macro and micro fossils are found
abundant in its formation.

quaternary alluvium (the youngest
lithologic unit)
Alluvium is mostly found in coastal areas. Calcareous sand
derived from the weathering of limestone mostly makes up the tidal flat. This
appears as fine to coarse-grained sand mixed with shell
fragments.

As a consequence of the geology, water supplies are hard.

National protected
areas[edit]

Orchids growing in Madridejos
Uncultivated Vanda
coerulea

Bantayan and its surrounding islands have been included in several pieces of
legislation giving protected status.

Wilderness
area

In 1981 President Marcos signed proclamation no. 2151 giving certain parts of
the country protected status.[3]
This included Bantayan Island with the status of a "Wilderness Area",[c]
although its physical extent was undefined, albeit the proclamation described
all the areas named as "containing an aggregate area of 4,326 hectares, more or
less". Eleven years later the Philippine Congress passed Republic Act 7586 – the
National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act of 1992, managed by the
Department
of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) – which reaffirmed the protected
status.[4]
However it too did not specify the extent of Bantayan Island Wilderness Area
(BIWA), which is therefore taken to include the whole island group, more than
11,000 hectares.[d]

After 2013's Typhoon Yolanda, there has naturally been a need and desire for
reconstruction, however one major problem is that because of the designation,
there is little land titling, and international relief organisations (and
others) are reluctant to fund construction on land where title does not
exist.[11]
2014 has seen[update]
the start of initiatives to define the area, and to devise a general plan for
its management (BIWA-GMP). That plan recommends retaining only 596.41 ha
(1,473.8 acres) as strictly protected wildlife reserves, or 5.3% of the original
BIWA, and allowing multi-use zoning of 10,648.27 ha (26,312.4 acres).[d]
From that has arisen a more concrete proposal regarding reclassification.[12]
Now[update]
the plan is to be recommended to Congress.[13]

Tourist
zone and marine reserve

Presidential proclamation no. 1801 of 1978 established Tourist zones and
marine reserves, and placed the island of Hilutungan within its scope.[6]

Protected
seascape

The Tañon Strait protected seascape was established by President
Ramos under proclamation no. 1234 of 1998.[14]
This includes more than 29,187 m (29 km; 18 mi) of the eastern
shoreline of Bantayan island. In February 2015[update],
17 years after its declaration, the first summit on the Tañon Strait protected
seascape is to be held.[15]

Agriculture[edit]

The dominant uncultivated vegetation is ipil-ipil (Leucaena
leucocephala). Cultivated crops include coconut, cassava, banana, sugarcane,
corn and mango.

The principal cash crops are:[e]

Plant

Area (ha)

Yield

Coconuts on the palm

Corn

400

775 tonnes (763 tons)

Mango

47.53 (1214 trees)

455 tonnes (448 tons)

Chico

23

n/a

Coconut

713

n/a

Fauna[edit]

The common wolf
snake can occasionally be found on the island.

Avifauna[edit]

The following list shows birds whose presence has been verified.[17][18]

Striated heron (Butorides striata)

•

Eastern reef-egret
(Pacific reef-egret)

Egretta sacra [f]

•

Chinese
egret

Egretta
eulophotes [g]

•

Little
heron (striated heron)

Butorides striata [f]

•

Grey
plover

Pluvialis squatarola [f]

•

Greater
sand-plover

Charadrius leschenaultii [f]

•

Whimbrel

Numenius phaeopus [f]

•

Ruddy
turnstone

Arenaria interpres [f]

•

Godwit
sp

Limosa sp [h]

Pied harrier Circus melanoleucos

•

Lesser
frigatebird

Fregata ariel [f]

•

Pied
harrier

Circus melanoleucos [f]

•

Black-chinned
fruit dove

Ptilinopus leclancheri [f]

•

Island
collared dove

Streptopelia bitorquata [f]

•

Island
swiftlet

Collocalia vanikorensis [f]

•

White-collared
kingfisher

Halcyon chloris [f]

The sea[edit]

Mangrove and coconut palms

Beach scene at Marlin with Cebu on far horizon

The coast of Bantayan and its islands mostly alternates between mangal and
palm trees. Because of the shallow slope on the shelf, the intertidal area can
be quite extended, leading to rocky and muddy shallows at low tide. This means
that places with a sandy shore – a beach – are infrequent. Good beaches can be
found in the southeast around Santa Fe, and in the northwest at Patao and
Madridejos. Even these though are not cleaned, and depending on the currents
there can be considerable amounts of flotsam and jetsam on the beach and in the
sea.

Coral[edit]

Of the approximately 500 varieties of coral
known worldwide, about 400 are found in the Philippines.[19]
However their future is seriously threatened – mainly due to destructive fishing
techniques, such as blast
fishing and cyanide
fishing, which indiscriminately destroy much of the ecosystem, including the
coral
reefs. In addition, global warming and ocean acidification also contribute
significantly to worldwide loss. Globally coral sees 50%–70% threatened or lost;
southeast
Asian coral reefs are in even worse condition, and it is estimated in the
Philippines the figure under threat is greater than 90%, with less than 1% in
good condition. Until now proper compliance of international laws has been
poor,[20]
although it is starting to be taken seriously. Meanwhile, other efforts are
under way in Bantayan to accelerate the regrowth, using coral farms.[21]

Starfish[edit]

Decorative starfish for sale

Short-spined crown of thorns starfish (Acanthaster
brevispinus)

There are many starfish
to be seen in the intertidal
area. Their detrivorous
diet helps keep the water clean. Further out though, the crown-of-thorns
starfish is a considerable threat to the coral reef, because of its
voracious hunger for the coral.

Mangrove at Obo‑ob

Mangal[edit]

Mangroves are salt-tolerant,
woody, seed-bearing plants that are found in tropical and subtropical areas
where they are subject to periodic tidal inundation.[22]
The Philippines has over 40 species of mangroves and is one of the most
biodiverse regions in the world as there are only about 70 species of mangroves
worldwide. The mangrove ecosystem is a very diverse one and is home to many
birds, fish, mammals, crustaceans and other animals.

Mangroves provide an important nursery for fish, shellfish and other
organisms. It is estimated that each hectare of mangrove can provide food for
1,000 kg of marine organisms (890 lb/acre). With this abundance of
food for fish present in the mangroves, each hectare of mangal yields 283.5
metric tons of fish per year (112.9 long ton/acre). Mangroves also provide
other important functions such as preventing soil erosion and protecting
shoreline from typhoons and strong waves. Mangroves provide many other products
and services such as medicines, alcohol, housing materials and are an area for
research and tourism.

However even with all of these known benefits the state of mangroves within
the Philippines is very dim. In the early 1900s there were approximately
5,000 km2 (1,900 sq mi) of mangroves but today there
are only about 1,200 km2 (460 sq mi). Many of the
mangrove areas were destroyed to make way for fishponds and reclamation areas.
They were used indiscriminately for housing – both building materials and
reclamation – and were disturbed by siltation and pollution.

Now that the true benefit of these ecosystems is known there is protection
and rehabilitation of these important ecosystems. It is now illegal to cut down
mangroves for any purpose and local governments and community organizations have
taken active roles in planting and managing mangrove plantations. There is hope
that in the future mangroves will return to the healthy status that they once
held.

History[edit]

Early origins[edit]

There are almost no physical records nor evidence to indicate when the first
people came to Bantayan, nor their places of origin. Some believe they can be
traced back to Panay, others believe that the
bulk of them were of Cebuano
origin, and still others say they came from Leyte
and Bohol.

Connections between Bantayan and other places can be deduced from the mixed
dialects spoken by the people, and their ancient culture such as cloth‑weaving,
dance, and architecture. In addition certain old-established Hispanic family
names are associated with certain locations:

Panay

Rubio

Arcenaz

Alvarez

Sevilleno

Cebu

Rodriguez

Ancaja

Mansueto

Villacrucis

Leyte

Villacin

Villaflor

Ortega

Carabio

Bohol

Hubahib

Garcia

Caquilla

There is little documentary evidence of life and culture before the arrival
of the Spanish conquistadores.
What we know of them is gathered from handed-down accounts and folklore.

The early people were said to be timid. They didn’t travel and knew little of
places away from their homes. They wore little clothing because the climate
didn’t need it. The abundance of fish, wild games, wild fruits and tuber, such
as ba-ay, hagmang,[i]
bailacog, and kiot, made the people do little more than make
clearings on which to plant corn, camote (sweet potato) and other vegetables.
Large and small trees grew and spread, shading the ground all year round with
their heavy foliage. Vines and creepers climbed the trees hanging from bough to
bough; cultivation of open land was difficult.

The Spanish
period[edit]

Early years[edit]

During the period 1565–1898 the Philippines was a Spanish colony, part of the
Spanish
East Indies.

The parish church was established in 1580 – as an encomienda of the heir
of Don
Pedro de Gamboa.

Writing in 1582, Miguel de Loarca stated:[23]

ysla de bantayan A la vanda del norte de a ysla de çubu apartada
della como dos leguas esta la ysla de bantayan que terna oçho leguas de box y
dos de ançho tiene çerca de mil yndios y son de vn encomendero ella y la ysla
de Vohol[j]
aRiba diçho, la gente della es buena gente tratante tienen grande pesquerias
que es ysla de heçha muçhos baxos tiene pesqueria de perlas aunqe poca cosa no
se coje en ella sino a Millo y borona y no se coje ningun arroz por ques
tierra toda de mal pais aunque llana algunos de los naturales desta ysla haçen
sus sementeras en la ysla de çubu, como digo esta dos leguas de trauesia tiene
muy buenos palmares y lo mismo se a de entender de todas las yslas de los
pintados porque todas lellas abundan en gran cantidad de palmas—

Island of Bantayan. About two leagues[k]
north of the island of Çubu lies the island of Bantayan. It is about eight
leagues in circumference and two leagues wide, and has a population of about
one thousand Indians; this and the above-mentioned island of Vohol[j]
are under the charge of one encomendero. Its inhabitants are well-disposed.
They have large fisheries, for there are many shoals near the island. There is
also a pearl-fishery, although a very small one. The land produces millet and
borona, but no rice, for all the island has poor soil notwithstanding that it
is level. Some of the natives of this island cultivate land on the island of
Çubu, which, as I have said, is two leagues away. The island abounds in
excellent palm-trees — a growth common to all the Pintados islands, for all of
them abound in palms.

He also wrote:[24]

Otra manera de esclauonia. Ay otro genero de señorio
qe yntroduxo Vno que se llamaua sidumaguer qe Diçen que a mas de dos mill años
qe fue que porque le quebraron vn barangay en languiguey donde el era natural
ques En la ysla de bantayan qe si tenian los qe defienden, de Aquellos qe le
quebraron el barangay si qdo mueren dexan diez esclauos le dauan dos y Al
Respeto toda la demas haçienda, y esta manera de esclauonia. quedo yntroduçida
en todos los yndios de las playas y no los tinguianes.

Another kind of slavery. There is another kind of lordship
which was first introduced by a man whom they call Sidumaguer — which, they
say, occurred more than two thousand years ago. Because some men broke a
barangay[l]
belonging to him — in Languiguey, his native
village, situated in the island of Bantayan — he compelled the descendants of
those who had broken his barangay to bequeath to him at their deaths two
slaves out of every ten, and the same portion of all their other property.
This kind of slavery gradually made its way among all the Indians living on
the coast, but not among the Tinguianes.

Writing in 1588, Domingo
de Salazar reported:[25]
"The island of Bantayan is small and densely populated. It has more than eight
hundred tributarios, most of them Christians. The Augustinians who had them in
charge have abandoned them also, and they are now without instruction. This
island is twenty leagues from Zubu."

Some time in 1591, Bantayan's population totalled 683 tributes representing
6732 persons.[26]

Writing in 1630, Fray
Juan de Medina noted:[m]

Religious were established in the island of Bantayan, located between the
island of Panay and that of Sugbú,[n]
but farther from that of Panay. However, if one wishes to go to the island of
Sugbú without sailing in the open sea, he may coast from islet to islet,
although the distance across is not greater than one or one and one-half leguas.[k]
These Bantayan islets are numerous, and are all low and very small. The
largest is the above-named one. When Ours acquired it, it had many
inhabitants, all of very pleasing appearance, and tall and well-built. But now
it is almost depopulated by the ceaseless invasions from Mindanao and Jológ.

He goes on to say: "This island has a village called Hilingigay, which it is said was the source of all
the Bisayan Indians who have peopled these shores, and whose language resembles
that of Hilingigay."

Derivation of
name[edit]

During the time of 22nd Governor-General
Sebastián
Hurtado de Corcuera,[o]
the Visayans were continually
harassed by Moro
pirates who came on raids to capture slaves. Consequently, tall stone walls
and watchtowers were built in different parts of the archipelago, for refuge and
protection from Moro aggression.

Popular folklore says that these watchtowers were known locally as
"Bantayan sa Hari", meaning "Watchtowers of the King", and they served as
lookout towers for incoming vintas
(Moro pirate vessels). In the course of their vigil, it became common to say,
"Bantayan! Bantayan!", meaning, "Keep watch! Keep watch!", and that was
how this island-group got its name.

In all there were 18 watchtowers built on the Bantayan islands. Most have not
survived, although relics can be seen to this day.[p]

That at Madridejos is in fair condition, that at Santa Fe less so. There is a
particularly fine example on Doong island.[27]

In his "Statement of the Annual Incomes and Sources of Profit of His
Majesty in These Philipinas Islands" for the year 1608, Pedro de Caldierva
de Mariaca declares the tributes (tax) from Bantayan and Bohol combined
amount to 2400 gold pesos.[28][q]

Industry[edit]

Don
José Basco y Vargas was Governor-General of the Philippines from July 1778
until September 1787. During his period in office, he pioneered many projects
for the encouragement of agriculture and industries. However many small
industries in the islands were completely abandoned because the people were
forced to work on building roads, public buildings and churches. Those enforcing
were called politas.[r]

The abundance of fish, favourable climate and virgin soil then greatly
determined the occupation of the people. These geographical factors became
strong stimuli for the people to be fishermen, farmers and sailors. Much later,
the small clearings were expanded to fields.

The old Spanish roads connecting Santa Fe, Bantayan, and Madridejos were
constructed chiefly through the services of labour and partly supported by the
tribute funds.

Religion[edit]

When the Spaniards came to Bantayan, the people already had some form of
religious convictions and worship, such as animism,
shamanism, evocation and magic. They easily
conceived the idea of evil spirits, good spirits, witches and ghosts. In order
to please these imaginary creatures people often resorted to charms, vows,
sacrifices and self-harm. It was a common belief among the illiterate people of
the past that cholera and other fatal diseases were caused by poison which an
evil spirit had put into the wells and that the people could be saved from the
dreaded disease only by chanting prayer and holding processions.[29][30][31]

The cooperation between the church and the state did not last very long.
Quarrels between the church and the state ensued. There was struggle for
political power, from the Governor-General down to the alcalde mayors on one
hand and from the archbishop to the friars on the other. Because of this,
projects for improvements were all paralysed.

The American
period[edit]

On 4 January 1899, following the defeat of Spain in the Spanish–American
War, a new government was born to the Philippines. With instructions from
President McKinley, General
Otis, who commanded the US Army in the Philippines, declared that the
American sovereignty must be recognized without condition. This was the
beginning of the American period.

This island-group did not taken any active part in the revolution against
Spain or America. However, after the Filipino–American War,[32]
a reactionary group was organized, headed by Patorete of Santa Fe, then
still a barrio of Bantayan. Their announced purpose was to resist the invaders,
but the armed goons carried a campaign of terror burning the northern part of
Santa Fe, plundering and forcing Capitan Miroy and Aguido Batabalonos to join them. This resulted in
great fear and tension among the inhabitants.

The condition of the barrios, after the overthrow and immediately preceding
the arrival of the Americans, in general, was very far from satisfactory.
Sanitation was entirely a stranger; barrio life was dreadful. There were few
signs of improvement among the people since their primitive ancestors.

The subdivision of the province of Cebu was developed utilizing the method
introduced by Spain. A new
provincial law had been enacted in 1895 and necessary appointments were then
made. At that time, Bantayan was already organized as pueblo.
Santa Fe was organized as such in 1911 and Madridejos in 1917. These
pueblos were given a new corporate form under the Municipal Council
chosen by a limited native electorate. For the local head of the administration,
the title Presidente took the place of the former Gobernadorcillo or
Capitan[s]

Committed to the task of administering the newly organized municipal
governments were the first presidentes of the three towns comprising the
island-group namely: Gregorio Escario for
Bantayan, Vicente Bacolod for Madridejos and
Casimiro Batiancila for Santa Fe. Political parties were formally organized
since the early days of the American regime. Partido Liberal came towards the
end of 1900. Pascual
Poblete founded the Partido Independista in 1902.

During the administration of Governor-General Luke E. Wright
(1904–1906), the public road policy was inaugurated. Little by little the stage
trails were changed to roads of more durable construction. Late in 1913 the
construction of Santa Fe—Bantayan road began and in 1918 the Bantayan—Madridejos
road followed; both were completed in 1924.

Then and now, fishing and farming were important industries of the people,
but from the year 1903 to 1925, weaving of piña
cloth and the gathering of maguey
fibre were very lucrative pursuits of the people. Over the years demand for
these products weakened and died out. At about the same, hand embroidery termed
as "spare time industry" came in. A good number of women adopted it and were
actively engaged in it for some years. The local output was quite significant.
In 1923, because of weak and unsettled market conditions, particularly in
Manila, the business gradually disappeared.

Independent
Philippines[edit]

Man Idrong plaque (lost during typhoon
Yolanda

Gregorio Zaide described the Philippine national characteristic as "pliant,
like bamboo, bending in the wind without breaking".[33]
This might explain the war-time actions of the then mayor Isidro Escario, who
had himself rowed out to meet a fleet of Japanese warships where he treated with
them: Bantayan was not invaded and the war basically passed it by.[t]

Economy[edit]

Commerce[edit]

Bantayan islands are considered Cebu's fishing ground from where boatloads of
fish – guinamos
(salted fish) and buwad (dried fish) – are transported daily to Cebu and
Negros for consumption
and further distribution to as far as Mindanao and Manila. Equally important is
the thriving poultry industry with hundreds of thousands of chicken eggs
produced daily.

Years ago, poultry raising was mainly a backyard affair. Today it has grown
into a large scale and highly specialized industry. Big poultry farms are
located near the national and feeder roads. In excess of one million chickens
are kept in yards and specially constructed barns with more than half a million
eggs gathered every day. These eggs are exported to Cebu, Manila, and Mindanao
and other towns and cities in the Visayas. This industry, along with copra making, tubâ gathering and fishing,
has helped Bantayan solve its unemployment problem.

Pumpboat dock at barangay Ba'igad, Bantayan

Transport[edit]

The island can be reached via ferry services from Hagnaya (San Remigio)
to Santa Fe, and from Estancia,
Iloilo and Sagay
to Bantayan municipal port. Bantayan
Airport handles infrequent flights from chartered planes usually arriving
from Mactan‑Cebu
International Airport.

Goods are shipped through Bantayan municipal port. There is also a small dock
in Baigad capable of handling small pumpboats. However it is in a very poor
state of repair, and hasn't handled any vessel since 2007.

There are three lightstations around the islands:[u]

⛯

LS Bantayan on the beach at Bantigue

⛯

LS Buntay offshore of the Kota promontory, Madridejos

⛯

LS Guintacan at the southeast end of Guintacan
island

Society[edit]

Health care[edit]

In view of the relatively high population of the island, and its growing
popularity as a tourist spot, a bill has already been presented in Congress for
the establishment of a 100‑bed tertiary‑level hospital.[35][36]
Currently the nearest available tertiary care is in Cebu City, four hours travel
by land and sea. Even the level‑1 facility available in Bogo takes at least 1½ hours
travel.

Education[edit]

Bantayan Central School entrance

Bantayan Central School classroom

The first school in Bantayan, called the "Gabaldon School", opened in
1915.[37][38][39][40]

Public high schools on Bantayan are located in the municipalities of
Bantayan, Santa Fe and Madridejos as well as on Doong island. There are also
private high schools and tertiary colleges such as Bantayan
Southern Institute and Salazar
College. St Paul Academy (SPA) is a private high school in Bantayan
municipality.

Barangay Ticad cockpit

Sport[edit]

As is common through the Philippines, 'sport' is synonymous with
cockfighting. It is an unusual sport in that the winner dies as well as the
loser. Large sums are bet on the outcome of a fight, which usually lasts little
more than one minute.

The birds themselves can look magnificent for their few brief moments of
stardom, with purple-black plumage and a gold ruff.

There are several sports centres (cockpits) on the
island. Smaller puroks just have an open-air
arena.

Notable dates[edit]

Year

Event

1580

The Augustinians established the Parish of Bantayan as a convent under
the patronage of La Asuncion de Nuestra Señora (The Ascension of
Our Lady), a mission-station of the friars in the Visayas and thus the
first parish in Cebu province and one of the few parishes still in
existence outside Mexico which were once a part of the Archdiocese
of Mexico.

1603

The Augustinians relinquished the administration of the church to the
secular clergy. During the time of Bishop Pedro de Arce, Daan
Bantayan (also Daanbantayan) and the nearby villages located in
northern Cebu were placed under the administration of the parish,[v]
followed by the island of Maripipi.

1628

The biggest Moro attack took place when a fleet of vintas attacked,
killing or abducting more than 800 natives mostly from the village of Hilingigay,
now barangay Suba, and burning down the church.[w]
Juan de Medina wrote that the priest and a few Spanish residents tried to
defend but had to run and hide after running out of ammunition.[42]

1754

Moro raid left the church and community in ashes.

1778

The old Spanish roads linking Santa Fe, Bantayan and Madridejos were
constructed through forced labour.[r]

1790‍–‍1796

Severe famine after crop failure. Not even a grain of corn could be
had but the people subsisted upon amorseko
(crab grass) which continuously grew on the walls of their nipa huts.[43][44]

1860

The first casa real was constructed (now Municipal Hall).

1864

Following
the Education Decree of 1863,[45]
the first Spanish school (for boys) was established under the direct
supervision of the curate
where religious instruction was instilled.[46][47]

1880‍–‍1890

Smallpox epidemic devastated the island

1894

The entire barrio of Ticad was razed to the ground by fire. Only the
stumps of the posts could be seen above the ground.

1902‍–‍1903

Cholera
epidemic.[x]

1905

Typhoon

First local election in Bantayan. Gregorio
Escario, who had been appointed as first "Presidente", now won the
election by a small margin over his rival.

1906

The first bicycle came to Bantayan, owned by Leon Villacrusis. It was
imported from Manila. The first bicycle imported from Japan was owned by
Dr. Mabugat.[y]

1908

Smallpox epidemic, eventually controlled by complete
vaccination.

1910

The first motorized boat, MV Carmela, was owned by Yap Tico.[z]
It served the Bantayan–Cebu route. It also brought merchandise to and from
Bantayan until it was destroyed by the typhoon of 1912.

1912

Typhoon, which took hundreds of lives in addition to work animals and
agricultural crops that were destroyed.[50]

1913

Construction of the present Bantayan–Santa Fe road began.

1915

As a result of Public Act 1801, [aa]
the main building of Bantayan Central School was built.[52]

1918

Construction of the Bantayan–Madridejos road began.

1923

The first car came to Bantayan island – a second-hand Dodge owned by
Kapitan
Casimiro Batiancila of Santa Fe.

1924

The whole road construction project linking Santa Fe, Bantayan and
Madridejos ended.

1927

Bantayan Postal Office was opened within the municipal building.

1930

Cholera epidemic

1935

Beer was first distributed in Bantayan.

1961

Oil explorers came to Bantayan to dig the first oil well somewhere
within Patao and Kabac.[53]

1968

A fire that started in San Pedro Bakery gutted 17 houses and claimed
the life of one person.

A storm washed away the historic watchtower in Baluarte, Suba.[ab]

1973

Fire broke out which destroyed almost the whole section of Suba, razed
the entire public market and rendered more than 700 families
homeless.

1978

Death of Isidro R. Escario,
who had been mayor of Bantayan since 1937 apart from the war. His funeral
procession and wake drew thousands: people were seen queueing one
kilometre away from the wake.

1981

Presidential decree nominates Bantayan as a National Protected Area:
Wilderness area.[3]

1997

Death of Antonio
Ilustrisimo (born Bantayan 1904). He was a Master of Kali Ilustrisimo
– his own development of the eskrima
he learned from his father.[55][56]

1999

Overloaded ferry MV
Asia South Korea en route Cebu–Iloilo
City strikes submerged rocks about 8 nautical miles (15 km;
9 mi) west of Bantayan island and sinks in heavy seas with loss of 56
lives.[57][ac]

2010

Lipayran island hit by tornado – 15 shanties destroyed and seven
damaged.[58]

2013

Class‑5
Super Typhoon
Haiyan, within Philippines known as Yolanda, caused
considerable damage to the entire island, but with relatively little loss
of life.[ad]

Notes[edit]

^
Islands have several names, according to
speaker's language. First name shown is as it appears on the NAMRIA
topographical map.[5]
Some of the smallest islands are not named on map.

^
Declared a "Tourist Zone and Marine Reserve under
the administration and control of the Philippine Tourism Authority" by
Presidential Proclamation 1801 of 1978 [6]

^
Wilderness area is a protected area that is
created and managed mainly for purposes of research or for the protection of
large, unspoiled areas of wilderness, whose primary purpose is the
preservation of biodiversity and as essential reference areas for scientific
work and environmental monitoring.

^ a
b
The total area of BIWA [11,244.5 ha
(27,785.8 acres)] includes coastal areas below the high water mark, as well as
other islands.

^
2001 data [16]

^ a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l

Conservation status: Least
Concern

IUCN
red list

^

Conservation status: Vulnerable

IUCN
red list Fact file of Chinese
egret

^

Conservation status: Near
Threatened

IUCN
red list

^
wild yam having long edible tubers and thorny
vines

^ a
b
Bohol

^ a
b
The league (legua) was not well defined,
but was about 4 nautical miles (4.6 miles; 7.4 kilometres) ± 5%

^
barangay here in its original meaning, a
large boat

^
de
Medina 1630 full translation into English in Blair
& Robertson (1905w, pp. 259–260) (and Blair
& Robertson (1905x), which does not mention Bantayan.)

^
Sugbú = Cebu

^
In office June 1635 – August 1644

^

Mandaue

Construction
of watchtowers was not limited to Bantayan, watchtowers were built in many
locations in Cebu vulnerable to Moro raids, as well as in other parts of the
Visayas,
such as Southern Leyte, Northern Samar and Bohol.

See for example: Alegria · Aloguinsan · Daanbantayan · Boljoon · Mandaue · Oslob · Samboan · Tingko
Beach

^
A gold peso weighed 1 Troy ounce (1.1 oz;
31.1 g) so at 2017 prices one oz T gold ≈ $1870 that makes the tribute
about $4.5 mn. See also Blair
& Robertson 1903c, p. 177

^ a
b
As well as paying tribute, all male Filipinos
from 18 to 50 were obliged to render forced labour called polo, for 40
days of the year, reduced in 1884 to 15 days. It took various forms, such as
building of roads and bridges; construction of public buildings and churches;
cutting timber in forests; working in shipyards; and serving in Spanish
military expeditions. A person who rendered polo was called a polista.
The members of the principalia
were exempt from polo: in addition rich Filipinos could pay a
falla to avoid forced labour – about seven pesos annually. Local
officials (former and current governadorcillos, cabezas de barangay etc.) and
schoolteachers were exempt by law because of their service to the state. Thus
the only ones who rendered forced labour were those poor Filipinos lacking
social, economic or political prestige in the community. This served to
reinforce notions of the indignity of labour in the minds of the Hispanicised
Filipinos: labour became the badge of plebeianism.

^
During the Spanish administration, each pueblo
was under an Administrador Civil styled Gobernadorcillo (later
Capitan Municipal), assisted by a Teniente Mayor, a Teniente
Segundo, a Teniente Tercero, a Teniente del Barrio and a
Cabeza
de Barangay

^
Similar collaboration by Emilio Aguinaldo saw
him imprisoned after the war.

^

LS Bantayan

LS Buntay

LS Guintacan

Lightstations ⛯ around Bantayan island [34]

⛯ LS Bantayan

⛯ LS Buntay

⛯ LS Guintacan

^
The town plan of Daanbantayan somewhat echoes the
butterfly shape of Bantayan Island itself

^
"Accordingly, in the past year of 1600 they came
with a fleet of many vessels to the Pintados provinces, which are subject to
your Majesty; and in the region known as Bantayan they burned the village and
the church, killed many, and took captive more than eight hundred persons"[41]

^
The 1902–1904 cholera epidemic claimed 200,000
lives in the Philippines.[48]

^
The Mabugat family at that time substantially
owned Mambacayao
Island

^

F. M. Yap Tico & Co. Ltd.

Headquarters

Manila, Philippines

Key people

Lim Tuan (manager)

Services

Importer of rice

Insurance agent

Yap Tico was a Chinese-owned trading company based in Manila. Although its
nominal principal business was the import of rice, as an insurance company and
general financial agency it featured in many civil law suits, most notably
throughout the 1910s and 1920s, some of which set case law precedents,
Lizarraga Hermanos vs. Yap Tico for example.[49]

^
popularly known as the Gabaldon Act
after its original author, Assemblyman Isauro Gabaldon.[51]

^
The eye of the storm passed directly overhead
around 0:00am on 24 November 1968. It didn't become a real Class‑1 typhoon
until two days later.[54]

Track of Typhoon
Nina (Seniang)

^

MV
Asia South Korea

^
Eye of storm passed overhead around midnight of 7
November 2013. At that time wind speeds were reaching 160 knots
(300 km/h; 82 m/s; 180 mph).[59]

Track of Typhoon
Yolanda (Haiyan)

References[edit]

^
"Philippines 2012 Municipality Statistics". 2012. Archived
from the original on 8 November 2014. CS1 maint:
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^ a
b
c
Census of
Population (2015). Highlights of the Philippine Population 2015 Census of
Population. PSA. Retrieved 20 June
2016.

^ a
b
c
Presidential
Proclamation No. 2151, s.1981 (29 December
1981), Declaring certain islands and/or parts of the country as
Wilderness Areas., retrieved 28 October 2014

^ a
b
Republic
Act No. 7586 (1 June 1992), An
act providing for the establishment and management of National Integrated
Protected Areas System, defining its scope and coverage and for other
purposes, retrieved 28
October 2014

^
NAMRIA
1995

^ a
b
Presidential
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1978), Declaring certain islands, coves and peninsulas in the
Philippines as tourist zones and marine reserve under the administration and
control of the Philippine Tourism Authority,
retrieved 13 November 2014

^
Census of
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NSO. Retrieved 29 June
2016.

^
Censuses of
Population (1903 – 2007). Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by
Region: 1903 to 2007. NSO.

^
Del
Rosario, Pastor & Malapitan 2005

^
Hillmer
& Scholz 1986

^
The
Freeman 2014a

^
The
Freeman 2014b

^
The
Freeman 2014c

^
Presidential
Proclamation No. 1234, s. 1998 (27 May 1998),
Declaring the Tañon Strait situated in the provinces of
Cebu, Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental as a protected area pursuant to
RA 7586 (NIPAS Act of 1992) and shall be known as Tañon Strait Protected
Seascape, retrieved 16
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^
The
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^
"Municipality of
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^
Wild
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^
Robson
2011

^
Philippine
Daily Inquirer 2005

^
San
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^
The
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^
Mangrove Action Project

^
Blair
& Robertson 1903e, p. 48

^
Blair
& Robertson 1903e, p. 140

^
Blair
& Robertson 1905g, p. 41

^
Blair
& Robertson 1903h, p. 132

^
Cabigas
2009

^
Blair
& Robertson 1904n, p. 246

^
Zaide
1937a

^
Zaide
1937b

^
Zaide
1957

^
Grimsley
1996

^
Zaide
1968

^
Department
of Transport and Communications 2016

^
The
Freeman 2014d

^
House
Bill No. HB04802 (12 August 2014), An act establishing the Bantayan Island National Hospital in
the municipality of Bantayan, Province of Cebu and appropriating funds
therefor (PDF), Archived from the
original on 4 March 2016 CS1 maint:
Unfit url (link)

^
Aldana
1949

^
Catapang
1926

^
Fresnoza
1950

^
Isidro
y Santos 1949

^
Blair
& Robertson 1903h, pp. 235–238

^
de
Medina 1630

^
Clayton
et al. 2002

^
Galinato,
Moody & Piggin 1999

^
de
la Concha 1863

^
Alzona
1932

^
Bazaco
1939

^
Society
of Philippine Health History 2004

^
Lizarraga Hermanos vs. Yap Tico, 24 Phil. 504
(1913)

^
Adelaide
Advertiser 1912

^
The
Freeman 2010

^
Cruz
Araneta 2006

^
Department
of Energy 1961

^
Unisys
Weather Information Systems 1968

^
Wiley
1997

^
Diego
& Ricketts 2002

^
People's
Daily 1999

^
Philippine
Daily Inquirer 2010

^
Unisys
Weather Information Systems 2013

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v

t

e

Major
islands
of the Philippines

Alabat

Balabac

Bantayan

Basilan

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This page was last edited on 19 February 2018,
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