Bikol languages

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This article is about the various dialects of the Bicol Region. For the standardized dialect of Bikol based on the Canaman variant which is often simply known as "Bicolano", see Central Bikol language.

Bikol

Geographic
distribution

Bicol Region

Linguistic classification

Austronesian

Malayo-Polynesian

Philippine

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Bikol

Subdivisions

Coastal Bikol

Inland Bikol

Pandan Bikol

ISO 639-2 / 5 | bik
Glottolog | biko1240[1]

Geographic extent of Bikol languages according to Ethnologue
Bikol proper

Bisayan languages in the Bikol region

Geographic distribution of major Bikol languages and dialects across Bicol region; classification based on Lobel (2013)

The Bikol languages or Bicolano languages are a group of Central Philippine languages spoken mostly in the Bicol Peninsula in the island of Luzon, the neighboring island province of Catanduanes and the island of Burias in Masbate. There is a dialect continuum between the Visayan languages and the Bikol languages; the two together are called the Bisakol languages.[by whom?]

Contents

1 Internal classification

1.1 Ethnologue

1.2 McFarland (1974)

1.3 Lobel (2000)

2 References

2.1 Notes

2.2 General references

3 External links

Internal classification[edit]

Ethnologue[edit]

A poem written in a Bikol dialect.

The languages of Bikol grouped according to Ethnologue are:

Coastal Bikol (Northern)

Isarog Agta language

Mount Iraya Agta language

Central Bikol language

Canaman dialect (standard)

Naga City dialect

Partido dialect

Tabaco-Legazpi-Sorsogon (TLS) dialect

Daet dialect

Virac dialect

Southern Catanduanes Bikol language

Inland Bikol (Southern)

Mount Iriga Agta language (extinct)

Albay Bikol languages

Buhinon language

Libon language

West Miraya language

East Miraya language

Rinconada Bikol language

Highland / Sinabukid dialect

Agta variant

Iriga variant (standard)

Lakeside / Sinaranəw dialect

Baao variant

Bato variant

Bula-Pili variant

Nabua-Balatan variant

Northern Catanduanes Bikol (Pandan Bikol)

McFarland (1974)[edit]

Curtis McFarland gives the following classification for the Bikol languages.[2]

Bikol

North Catanduanes

Pandan (North Catanduanes)

Inland Bikol

Iriga (Rinconada)

Albay

Buhi (Buhi'non)

Libon

Oas (West Miraya)

Daraga (East Miraya)

Coastal Bikol

Naga (Standard Bikol), Legazpi, and Partido

Virac (South Catanduanes)

San Pascual (Northern Burias Island)

Lobel (2000)[edit]

This section's factual accuracy is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on Talk:Bikol languages. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are reliably sourced. (June 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Clockwise from top-left: A signage barring people from hanging around the area; A signage barring vendors inside the churchyard; A signage reminding people of proper waste disposal; and a signage barring swimmers in Lake Bato. All were written in Coastal Bikol language (Naga–Legazpi variant).

While McFarland (1974) splits Bikol into 11 dialects, Lobel (2000) splits Bikol into 12 different dialects (including Partido Bikol, which McFarland does not differentiate) and 4 main branches.[3]

Northern Coastal Bikol

Central Standard – Spoken primarily in Tabaco City, Legazpi City, and Naga City. Also recognized (and sometimes understood) in Daet, Camarines Norte and many other areas of Camarines Sur; San Pascual, Masbate on Burias Island; First District of Albay and other municipalities along the eastern coast of Albay, southwestern coast of Catanduanes, and northeastern Sorsogon.

Daet area variant

Naga City area variant

Catanduanes southern and northern town of San Andres and Caramoran and North Sorsogon

Partido – Spoken in the Camarines Sur municipalities of Ocampo, Goa, Tigaon, Lagonoy, Sagñay, and San Jose. This dialect has a mellow intonation and is heavily influenced by Rinconada Bikol/Riŋkonāda.

South Catanduanes – Spoken in the southern half of Catanduanes.

Virac area variant

Bato area variant

Baras area variant

San Miguel variant (transitional to North Catanduanes)

Southern Coastal and Inland Bikol

Rinconada Bikol – Spoken primarily in Iriga City, Baao; Bula; Balatan; Baao; and Nabua, Camarines Sur. Also in Ocampo, Buhi and Pili in Camarines Sur and in parts of Polangui, Albay.

Lakeside Rinconada dialect (lacks /ə/ vowel)

Highland Rinconada dialect (with /ə/ vowel)

Buhinon – Spoken in Buhi, Camarines Sur. Contains features from both Bikol of Polangui and Iriga variant of Rinconada Bikol.

Libon – Spoken in Libon, Albay.

West Miraya – Spoken in Ligao City, Polangui, Oas, and Pio Duran, Albay.

East Miraya – Spoken in Guinobatan; Camalig; Daraga; Jovellar, Albay; Donsol and Pilar, Sorsogon.

Central (Guinobatan)

Far East (Camalig, Daraga)

Southeast (Jovellar, Albay, Donsol, Pilar)

Northern Catanduanes

Pandan Bikol – Spoken by about 80,000 people or the northern half of Catanduanes.

Bagamanoc area variant

Caramoran area variant (transitional to South Catanduanes)

Gigmoto area variant (transitional to South Catanduanes)

Pandan area variant

Panganiban area variant

Viga area variant

Bisakol

Central Sorsogon – Spoken in Sorsogon City; Castilla; Casiguran; and Juban, Sorsogon.

Castilla Sorsogon (mixed with Legazpi Bikol)

Casiguran-Juban variant

Southern Sorsogon also known as Gubat language – Spoken in Gubat; Barcelona; Bulusan; Santa Magdalena; Matnog; Irosin; and Bulan, Sorsogon.

Masbateño – Spoken in Masbate City; Mobo; Uson; Dimasalang; Palanas; Masbate; Aroroy on the island of Masbate, all of Ticao Island, and Claveria on the southern half of Burias Island.

Standard Masbateño

Ticao Island variant

Some dialects of Southern Bikol have the close central unrounded vowel /ɨ/ as a reflex of Proto-Austronesian *e. However, Proto-Austronesian *e is realized as /o/ in Libon. Two Bikol dialects have unique additional consonants, namely Southern Catanduanes, which has an interdental lateral consonant /l̟/ (also transcribed as l̪͆ ),[4][5] and Buhi-non, which has the voiced velar fricative /ɣ/.[6]

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Bikol". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

^ McFarland, Curtis D. The Dialects of the Bikol Area. Ph.D. dissertation. New Haven: Dept. of Linguistics, Yale University, 1974.

^ Lobel, Jason William, Tria, Wilmer Joseph S., and Carpio, Jose Maria Z. 2000. An satuyang tataramon / A Study of the Bikol Language. Naga City, Philippines: Lobel & Tria Partnership, Co.: Holy Rosary Minor Seminary.

^ http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/1772/olson.html

^ https://vagabonddrifter.wordpress.com/2012/03/17/interdental-lateral/

^ Lobel, Jason. 2009. "Bikol". In Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World, 158-161. Oxford: Elsevier.

General references[edit]

Lobel, Jason William; Tria, Wilmer Joseph S. and Carpio, Jose Maria Z. 2000. An satuyang tataramon / A Study of the Bikol Language. Naga City, Philippines: Lobel & Tria Partnership, Co.: Holy Rosary Minor Seminary.

External links[edit]

| Wikivoyage has a phrasebook for Bikol.

Translate Bikol, an online English-Bikol and Bisakol languages translator.

A Bikol language database is available through the Kaipuleohone archive.

v

t

e

Bikol languages

Northern Coastal

Central Bikol

Isarog Agta

Mount Iraya Agta

Partido Bikol

South Catanduanes Bikol

Southern Coastal-Inland

Albay Bikol

Buhinon

Libon

Rinconada

Mount Iriga Agta

East Miraya

West Miraya

Northern Catanduanes

Pandan Bikol

v

t

e

Philippine languages

Batanic (Bashiic)

Itbayat

Ivatan

Yami

Northern
Luzon

Ilocano

Arta †

Dicamay Agta †

Cagayan Valley

Ibanag

Isnag

Atta

Itawis

Yogad

Cagayan Agta

Gaddang

Ga'dang

South–Central
Cordilleran

Pangasinan

Northern Alta

Southern Alta

Isinai

Itneg

Kalinga

Ifugao

Tuwali ?

Balangao

Bontok-Finallig

Kankanaey

Ilongot

Ibaloi

Iwaak

Kalanguya

Karao

Central Luzon

Kapampangan

Remontado Agta (Sinauna)

Sambalic

Abellen

Ambala

Bolinao

Botolan

Mag-antsi

Mag-indi

Mariveleño

Sambal

Northern Mindoro

Alangan

Iraya

Tadyawan

Greater
Central
Philippine

Southern Mindoro

Buhid

Hanuno'o

Tawbuid

Central
Philippine

Tagalogic

Tagalog

Kasiguranin

Bikol

Central Bikol

Isarog Agta

Mount Iraya Agta

Albay Bikol

Mount Iriga Agta

Rinconada

Pandan Bikol

Bisayan

Cebuano

Boholano ?

Hiligaynon

Waray

Tausug

Karay-a

Sulod

Aklanon

Capiznon

Asi

Baybay

Kabalian

Bantayanon

Porohanon

Romblomanon

Caluyanon

Onhan

Cuyonon

Ratagnon

Surigaonon

Butuanon

Masbateño

Sorsoganon

Mansakan

Davawenyo

Kalagan

Kamayo

Mamanwa

Mandaya

Mansaka

(unclassified)

Karolanos

Magahat

Ata †

Palawan

Aborlan Tagbanwa

Central Tagbanwa

Palawan Batak

Palawano

Subanen

Subanen

Danao

Maguindanao

Maranao

Iranun

Manobo

Agusan

Ata Manobo

Matigsalug

Obo

Ilianen

Western Bukidnon

Binukid

Higaonon

Kagayanen

Kamigin

Cotabato Manobo

Sarangani

Tagabawa

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Bolango

Buol

Bintauna

Gorontalo

Kaidipang

Lolak

Suwawa

Mongondow

Ponosakan

Kalamian

Agutaynen

Calamian Tagbanwa

Bilic

Giangan

B'laan

T'boli

Tiruray

Sangiric

Sangirese

Talaud

Bantik

Ratahan

Minahasan

Tonsawang

Tontemboan

Tombulu

Tondano

Tonsea

Unclassified

Umiray Dumaget

Ati

Manide-Inagta

Inagta Alabat

Manide

† indicates extinct status

? indicates classification dispute

v

t

e

Languages of the Philippines

Official languages

Filipino

English

Regional languages

Aklanon

Bikol

Cebuano

Chavacano

Hiligaynon

Ibanag

Ilocano

Ivatan

Kapampangan

Karay-a

Maguindanao

Maranao

Pangasinan

Sambal

Surigaonon

Tagalog

Tausug

Waray

Yakan

Indigenous languages
(by region)

Luzon

Ilocos

Bolinao

Cordillera

Atta

Balangao

Bontoc

Ga'dang

Kalanguya

Kalinga

Kankanaey

Ibaloi

Ifugao

Isnag

Itneg

Itawis

Iwaak

Malaweg

Tuwali

Cagayan Valley

Arta

Atta

Central Cagayan Agta

Dinapigue Agta

Dupaningan Agta

Gaddang

Ilongot

Isinai

Itbayat

Itawis

Kalanguya

Karao

Malaweg

Nagtipunan Agta

Paranan Agta

Paranan

Yogad

Central Luzon

Abellen

Ambala

Antsi

Botolan

Casiguran Dumagat Agta

Indi

Kasiguranin

Mariveleño

Northern Alta

Southern Alta

Umiray Dumaget

Calabarzon

Inagta Alabat

Manide

Remontado Agta

Southern Alta

Umiray Dumaget

Metro Manila

Hokaglish

Taglish

Mimaropa

Agutaynen

Alangan

Asi

Calamian Tagbanwa

Central Tagbanwa

Cuyonon

Iraya

Kagayanen

Molbog

Onhan

Palawan Batak

Palawano

Ratagnon

Romblomanon

Tadyawan

Bicol

Albay Bikol

Inagta Partido

Manide

Masbateño

Mount Iraya Agta

Pandan Bikol

Rinconada Bikol

Sorsoganon

Southern Catanduanes Bikol

Visayas

Western Visayas

Ati

Caluyanon

Capiznon

Sulod

Negros Island (defunct)

Ata

Karolanos

Magahat

Central Visayas

Bantayanon

Eskayan

Porohanon

Eastern Visayas

Abaknon

Baybay

Kabalian

Mindanao

Zamboanga Peninsula

Subanon

Northern Mindanao

Bukid

Higaonon

Ilianen

Iranun

Kamigin

Matigsalug

Subanon

Western Bukidnon

Caraga

Agusan

Ata Manobo

Butuanon

Higaonon

Kamayo

Mamanwa

Davao

Blaan

Davaoeño

Giangan

Kalagan

Mandaya

Mansaka

Obo

Sangirese

Sarangani

Tagabawa

Soccsksargen

Blaan

Cotabato Manobo

Ilianen

Iranun

Obo

Tboli

Tiruray

Muslim Mindanao

Iranun

Pangutaran Sama

Sama

Immigrant languages

Arabic

Basque

Chinese

Hokkien

Mandarin

French

German

Japanese

Korean

Malay

Indonesian

Malaysian

Sindhi

Spanish

Vietnamese

Sign languages

American Sign

Philippine Sign

Historical languages

Proto-Philippine

Old Tagalog

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