Yang
702 etymologies
150 entries in TYM left blank

She ignored all of the “Restricted Class Morphemes” in TYM which yield a large number of agreements in pronouns and case-marking particles, and reveal enormous discrepancies in the deictic system of each lect.

cap *R reconstructed on: 
y *balaRaŋ ‘iron’ < PBsh *baɣaʔyaŋ.
R *baRah ‘red’ < PAN *baRah ‘embers’.
R *daRa ‘blood’ < PAN *daRaq
y *haRam ‘walk’ < *hayam !!!
R *hinmaRa ‘embers’ < PAN *baRah ‘embers’ + *hiŋ-
y *kamaRa ‘plant: Diospyros discolor < *kamaya !!!
R *kaRaŋ ‘crab’ < PMP *kaRaŋ < PAN *gaRaŋ ‘small edible freshwater crab’
y *kaRat ‘climb’ < *kayat!!!
R*kaRaw ‘tick on chicken’ < *kaRaw
y *kawaRan ‘bamboo sp’ < *kawayan !!!
R *naRa ‘wait’ < *naRa
y *RaRam ‘toy’ < *qayam
R *Rayoh < PAN *laRiw
y *saRap ‘fly’ |=> *sayap !!!
y *taRa ‘boat’ < PBsh *tataya

*banan	va7nan	sneeze	*va7nan	014

SYMBOLS MISPRINTED			016

glottal stop in Yami			016

*q	unjustified, only glottal stop		030

*bitoqen	*bitu[h]en	star		030

*toqed	*tu[hl]ed	stump		030

*baqen	*baleng	black		030

*qoLi	*guri	left		030

*raqet	*da[h]et	bad		030

*orin	*oring	soot < *qujing 'charcoal'	032

*lotek	*hotek	brain		034

PAN *S became *h in PMP and proto-Batanic. It stayed the same in Itbayat but sometimes was lost in Yami, Ivatan, and Babuyan.	034
sometimes |=> always lost
[h] in Yami, Ivatan, and Babuyan < *l

*l1 *l1italit 'vine', *l1ayl1ay 'hang', *bal1ag 'house', *asl1eb 'burn', *bangl1o 'fragrant', *adl1o 'spill' | *l1 stayed the same in most cases				035

*l2  *l2oho 'tears', *l2aneng 'oil', *ol2o 'head', *tel2nan 'throat', *katingl2an 'waist', *potol 'nape', *binbiel 'banana', *bolbol 'hair: body', *botol 'testicle' | *l2 = Itb x, Yami, Ivt, Bab deleted	035

proto |=> ptoto  [misspelled]			36,37

*L *Lingaw 'fish: bigeye', *Liyod 'carried by current', *LoLon 'grasshopper', *maLowLaw 'fish: goatfish', *kopLad 'scar', *soLib 'bright, intelligent' | Yami z, Itb, Ivt, Bab l		037

*r  *ragpit 'get on a stone', *rerngang 'bright', *ngares 'gums', *ngaraw 'nipple', *sorod 'comb', *paraw 'hoarse', *ragaw 'neck', tagrang 'ribs'|stayed the same in most cases; Yami z, Ivt,Bab l	037

*R  *Rayoh 'run' |=> *laRiw, 
*R  *daRa 'blood' OK, but better if *daya,
*R *kamaRa 'plant: Diospyros discolor' ERR => PAN *kamaya
*R *inmaRa 'embers' => actually *hinmaRa < *hing- ‘become’ + *baRah ‘embers’

*R > l in Yami only between *a-a, otherwise *y		037
Reconstructing *R as in PMP belies the merger of *l and *y	037

*y has several sources: *R (*dayem) 'needle', *q _i (*dayit 'sew', *tinayi 'intestines')			038

*biyoda	biyoda	widow	Spanish	039

*lihyam	*liham	steal		039

*biyhay	*bihaR	alive		039

*binibel		plant sp |=> banana	039

*paring		make, do		040

*hitkil	*hikel	to sleep		040

*yidyid	*yedyed	to press		040

*lotek	*hotek	brain	Also p42	040

*bayot	???	to blow (with breath)	041

*tanek	*ta7nek	to stand up	glottal cluster	041

*kataysa	*kataRsa	cousin	*R	041

*owab	*ahwab	to yawn	*h cluster	041

*polin	*poling	dust in one's eye < *puling	042

*porak	Malay perak	silver		042

	golpi	do abruptly	Spanish	045

ba:ka {long V)	Ivatan	cow	Spanish	046

ta:pi {long V)	Babuyan	board, plank		046

*baka	baka	cow	Spanish	047

Yami *h > h	kekelehan	armpit		047

Yami *h > h	yaheb	thwart		047

*botol	voto_	testicle	*butuq	047

*g > /j/	*oji	stern | *d > j	*odi < *udehi	048

*d > d in Yami	dengdeng	cook	monosyl!	049

Vowels were centralized in unstressed syllables in Yami	049
*lotek | *hotek	*etek 	brain	assimilation	049
*ngipen 'tooth'	ngepen	tooth	assimilation	049
*tayokah >	teyka	end, finish	syncopation	049

*L > /z/ Yami
	zozon	grasshopper	*dudun	049
	ziyod	carried by current *anyud	049
	sozib	bright, intelligent	049
	kozad	scar		049

*R > /l/ Yami	*RaRam	ia-lalam 'toy'	*C-ayam	050
	*Rayoh	layo 'run'	*laRiw	050
	*daRa	rala 'blood'	*a_a	050
	*haRam	alam 'walk'	*hayam	050

*a > /o/ Yami
"or just happened unexplainable" = lousy linguistics!	050

*q > deletion or /h/ Wrong explanations		050
*bitoqen	LOSS	star		050
*toqed	tehed	stump		050
*raqet	rahet	bad		050
*baqen	va_eng	black	*baleng	051
*qoLi	_ozi	left	*guri	051

Itbayaten INSERTION of glottal stop to maintain CVCCVC	051

*ba_nan	va7nan	sneeze	*ba7nan	052
*a_tot	a7tot	fart	*qetut	052
*a_nid	a7nid	fish: grouper		052
*is_is	is7is	scales	*7is7is	052