Date: Wednesday 2020.04.22 @ 1:49 From: R David Zorc To: Edward Estrera <> RE: Your 1,000 word list -- a few final comments Re: Seventh, the Klata right to spell versus . Orthography aside, there clearly is a phonemic difference between /u/ and /o/ in Klata (unlike Cebuano). I am noticing that although Klata has quite a few Spanish loanwords, they may have come indirectly through Bisayan, because the Klata clearly can pronounce [e] as opposed to [i], and [u] versus [o]. Some of the Spanish loans if directly borrowed should have retained any Spanish distinctions involving or . Yesterday, I went through my database to identify all Spanish loanwords. Fortunately, I have a Spanish linguist friend (Alex Garcia who has worked on Northern Alta for his dissertation). We keep in semi-frequent email contact about things Philippine (him) and/or Spanish (me). I have checked out many of the less obvious ones with him. Did you know that is borrowed from old-Spanish ‘rump, haunch’, because that is the original place on a horse (or carabao) one would ride with someone else?! That usage has died out in Spain, but is still retained in Mexico (the true source of Philippine-Spanish). At any rate, as I was entering the original Spanish forms, I was noting that some Klata forms matched the Spanish directly, while most seemed to echo the kind of changes Cebuano (and other languages on Mindanao) have made. It’s interesting how we linguists can tell something about HOW and WHENCE a word gets borrowed! FROM R. David Zorc's Klata Database {Bagobo-Klata=ETYMOLOGIES.xlsx} abri | mamabri open [v] Spanish abrir WOL Abril April [month] Spanish abril K-0153.wa abugado lawyer Spanish abogado SL=2 adobo adobo Spanish adobo "pickle" SL=2 ahos [??a?.h?s] | garlic Spanish ajos EE#0593 | K-0384.wav LOAN | CONFIRMED akasya acacia Spanish acacia SL alas o'clock Spanish a las NFB LOAN | CONFIRMED alpabito alphabet Spanish alfabeto SR LOAN Sp amigo friend Spanish amigo LOAN Sp apilidu [?a.pi.?li?.du] name: family, surname Spanish apellido EE#0531 ariyus [?a.?ri?.jus] earring Spanish arete(s) EE#0313 asta [??st?] and [conj]; until Spanish hasta "until" baka | Ho Mamhari polos baka niya cow Spanish vaca K-0332.wav bandihadu platter, serving plate Spanish bandejado "tray" K-0261.wav bapu [ba.?pu] boat (larger than a canoe) Spanish bapor EE#0307 barasu [ba.?ra?.su] arm (upper and/or lower arm) Spanish brazo EE#0005+0007 baratu [ba.?ra?.tu] cheap, inexpensive Spanish barato EE#0204 bariyu barrio Spanish barrio K-0461.wav barko boat Spanish barco EE=NIL basa [2] [ba.?sa] pumpkin, squash | ACCENT PAIR Spanish calabaza EE#0609 bastos rude Spanish basto(s) SL basu glass Spanish vaso "cup" K-0253.wav | SL=2 bayabas guava: Psidium guajava Spanish guayaba K-0405.wav Bernes Friday Spanish viernes bintana' window Spanish ventana K-0225.wav bisitang vistor + LINK Spanish visita "visit" + LINK SL bistida clothes, attire DZQ Spanish vestida "dressed" K-0563.wav bolimpyu | limpyu + bo- cleaned; washed Spanish limpio WOL bulkan volcano Spanish volcán butilya bottle DZQ Spanish botella K-0260.wav Disimbri December Spanish diciembre K-0149.wav domingo week Spanish domingo "Sunday" SL espiritu spirit Spanish espíritu WOL=4 giskwela [gis.?kwi?.la] | iskwela study Spanish escuela "school" + g- EE#0910 | SL gramu gram Spanish gramo SR imbis instead (of) Spanish en vez SL iskwelahalan school Spanish escuela + -halan EE=NIL kada | kada hotu [?ka?.da h?.?tu] each Spanish cada EE#1041 | WOL | SL kaddiru [kad.?di?.ru] pot: cooking pot Spanish caldero EE#0397 | SR kaddiro kandiro kanta sing Spanish cantar EE=NIL karne meat Spanish carne SL kasa wedding Spanish casar SL kaso case, problem Spanish caso SL kastigu | magmastigu punishment Spanish castigo WOL kilumitru kilometer {unit of distance} Spanish kilómetro SL kumusta [qw] how? | How are you? Spanish cómo está(s) M&T=2 kural fence Spanish corral "pen, barnyard" EE=NIL | 108 kwenta DZQ Spanish cuenta "bill; account" SL lamesa table Spanish la mesa SL lapis pencil Spanish lápiz SL libru book Spanish libro WOL | SL limpyu | bolimpyu clean; wash [v] Spanish limpio WOL lista list Spanish lista SR litra letter (of the alphabet) Spanish letra SR=10, KP luga [lu.?ga] | place, location Spanish lugar EE#0426 | SL | SR=4 | COV CONFIRMED magmastigu | kastigu punish Spanish castigo WOL mamabri | abri open Spanish abrir WOL mani' [ma.?ni?] peanuts Spanish maní EE#0608 | 212 m?ni? mani mantika oil: cooking oil Spanish manteca "butter; fat" Maria Mary [female personal name] Spanish Maria SL mas more, -er [comparative adjective] Spanish más SL | M&T | COV | KP mastigu | magmastigu | kastigu punish Spanish castigo "punishment" WOL mintras meanwhile DZQ Spanish mientras (tanto) SL misa table Spanish mesa COV momusah should be used Spanish usar SR=6 Myerkulis Wednesday Spanish miércoles K-0118.wav Nubimbri November Spanish noviembrepa K-0160.wav o [1] [??] or [conj] Spanish o EE#0456 | SL oras hour; o'clock Spanish hora(s) SL ortograpiya orthography Spanish ortografia SR=2 ospital hospital Spanish hospital SL palanggana | Var: planggana wash basin Spanish palangana SR palingki [pa.?li?.ki] | market place Spanish palenque "palisade; arena" EE#0423 | SL LOAN pamilya family Spanish familia K-0459.wav | SL papeles papers Spanish papeles SL para if Spanish para "for; to; of" M&T=2 | SL CONFIRMED Pasko Christmas Spanish Pascua "Easter" SL pastur pastor, minister Spanish pastor K-0342-345&420.wav pero but [conj] Spanish pero M&T=2 pinu DZQ Spanish fino DZQ K-0533.wav pipino cucumber Spanish pepino LOAN planggana | Var: palanggana wash basin Spanish palangana K-0268.wav plangganita sink, little basin Spanish palanganita K-0269.wav plata [?pla?.ta] silver Spanish plata EE#0327 plima [?pli?.ma] | phlegm Spanish flema EE#0086 LOAN prinsipi prince Spanish príncipe SL prutas fruits Spanish fruta(s) K-0394.wav | COV puwede [pu.?wi?.di] able, can, be possible Spanish puede EE#0458 | SL pwede [?pwi?.di] able, can, be possible Spanish puede EE#0458 pwera besides Spanish fuera "outside" SL regalo gift Spanish regalo "present" SL rilu ~ rilo ~ rilos watch; clock Spanish reloj SR | KP Rene Rene [male personal name] Spanish René SL resistensya resistence Spanish resistencia COV Sabadu Saturday Spanish sábado K-0121.wav | SL sabon [sa.?b?n] | soap Spanish jabón EE#0365 | COV LOAN sampaguita sampaguita, Jasminum sambac Spanish sampaguita | NOT sumpa kita SL sandalyas sandals Spanish sandalias K-0553.wav segundu | sigundu second(s) unit of time} Spanish segundo COV sigundu | segundu second {unit of time} Spanish segundo K-0088.wav sila' | sweet potato, camote Spanish Castilla "Castile" EE#0619 | 299 | SL sila sila simana week Spanish semana "week" SL | SR=2 simbulu symbol Spanish simbolo SR sinilas slippers Spanish chinelas K-0552.wav Siptimbri September Spanish septiembre K-0158.wav tabla [ta.?bla] board, plank of wood Spanish tabla "plank; chart, table" EE#0336 LOAN tagiskwela [ta.gis.?kwi?.la] | iskwela school Spanish escuela + tag- EE#0374 timpu [tim.?pu] season, time of ~ for Spanish tiempo "weather" timpu mula [tim.?pu mu.?la] rainy season Spanish tiempo + m- + ula EE#0271 | SL tinidur fork Spanish tenedor K-0257.wav Tomas Thomas [male personal name] Spanish Tomas SL Uktubri October Spanish octubre K-0159.wav UNKNOWN ice Spanish hielo EE#0355 uras hour; o'clock Spanish hora(s) K-0092.wav | SL Wibis Thursday Spanish jueves K-0119.wav