English {causative} can be:
[1] MORPHOLOGICAL (the prefix 'en-' as in 'enlarge' or the suffix '-en' as in 'sweeten'),
[2] THEMATIC (as with 'boil', 'cool', 'run' which constitute intransitive-transitive pairs),
[3] LEXICAL ('die' vs. 'kill'),
[4] SYNTACTIC (using an auxiliary like 'cause someone to verb' or 'get someone to verb'), or
[5] PRAGMATIC (where 'let' implies willingness on the part of the caused actor / unwillingness on the part of the causer, while 'make' implies willingness on the part of the causer / unwillingness on the part of the caused actor), whereas 'have' implies authority on the part of the causer. This can be clearly seen in:
	I let him go. [He wanted to.]
	I made him go. [He did not want to.]
	I had him go.  [I had the authority to do it.]
If one proposes that {causative} is an element of universal grammar, then it is MORPHOLOGICAL in languages like Subanon, Tagalog, Aklanon, Somali, Sotho, Xhosa, and Oromo, but POLYSYSTEMIC in English.

	Sometimes a given phenomenon is located within a single system, such as the {causative} pa- in Philippine and other Austronesian languages, -is- in Bantu languages, -i in Somali, -ts'nel in Armenian. Such languages have a single morphological causative construction. Sometimes, it may be spread across a single system, as in Oromo, where a series of lexically-determined suffixes (-s-, -eess-, -is-, -sis-, -siis-) are involved. But it can also be spread across several systems, and therefore be less readily apparent, as the case is in English where {causative} can be morphological (en- as in enlarge or -en as in sweeten), thematic (as with boil, cool, run which constitute intransitive-transitive pairs), lexical (die vs. kill), syntactic (using an auxiliary like cause someone to verb), or pragmatic (where let implies willingness on the part of the caused actor / unwillingness on the part of the causer, while make implies willingness on the part of the causer / unwillingness on the part of the caused actor). If one proposes that {causative} is an element of universal grammar, then it is part of the morphology of languages like Aklanon, Tagalog, Somali, Sotho, Xhosa, and Oromo, but polysystemic in English.